The higher the notes the harder to control the instrument becomes, with a more shrill and peircing tone. The high register is harder to produce softly, but is more brilliant and penetrating. The middle register also benifits from better dynamic control and intonation. The middle register, more widely used, has a brighter tone colour and better projection. This register tends to project poorly and suffer from intonation problems. In the low register the tone is darker, yet remains full. Almost all piccolo trumpets have four valves instead of the usual three - the fourth valve lowers the pitch, usually by a fourth, to assist in the playing of lower notes and to create alternate fingerings that facilitate certain trills. Many players use a smaller mouthpiece on the piccolo trumpet, which requires a different sound production technique from the B♭ trumpet and can limit endurance. Piccolo trumpets in G, F and C are also manufactured, but are rarer. The tubing in the B♭ piccolo trumpet is one-half the length of that in a standard B♭ trumpet. The most common of these are built to play in both B♭ and A, with separate leadpipes for each key. The smallest trumpets are referred to as piccolo trumpets. Because music written for early trumpets required the use of a different trumpet for each key - they did not have valves and therefore were not chromatic - and also because a player may choose to play a particular passage on a different trumpet from the one indicated on the written music, orchestra trumpet players are generally adept at transposing music at sight, sometimes playing music written for the B♭ trumpet on the C trumpet, and vice versa. Its slightly smaller size gives it a brighter, more lively sound. The C trumpet is most common in American orchestral playing, where it is used alongside the B♭ trumpet. The most common type is the B♭ trumpet, but low F, C, D, E♭, E, G and A trumpets are also available. It is also possible to produce pedal tones below the low F♯, which is a device commonly employed in contemporary repertoire for the instrument. Several trumpeters have achieved fame for their proficiency in the extreme high register, among them Maynard Ferguson, Cat Anderson, Dizzy Gillespie and more recently Wayne Bergeron. Traditional trumpet repertoire rarely calls for notes beyond this range, and the fingering tables of most method books peak at the high C, two octaves above middle C. The standard trumpet range extends from the written F♯ immediately below Middle C up to about three octaves higher. Each valve increases the length of tubing when engaged, thereby lowering the pitch.Ī musician who plays the trumpet is called a trumpet player or trumpeter. Earlier trumpets did not have valves, but modern instruments generally have either three piston valves or, more rarely, three rotary valves. There are several types of trumpet the most common is a transposing instrument pitched in B♭ with a tubing length of about 148 cm. Since the late 15th century they have been constructed of brass tubing, usually bent twice into a rounded oblong shape. They are played by blowing air through closed lips, producing a "buzzing" sound which starts a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the instrument. Trumpets are among the oldest musical instruments, dating back to at least 1500 BC.
The trumpet is the musical instrument with the highest register in the brass family.
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